Objective Questions on Indian Penal Code 1860

1. Which one of the following is not essential for an offence? 
(A) Intention (B) Motive (C) Prohibited act (D) Punishment for act (Ans : B)

2. In which of the following mens rea has been considered to be an essential element of an offence? 
(A) Srinivasmal Barolia Vs. Emperor (B) R. Vs. Tolsen 
(C) Nathulal Vs. State of Madhya Pradesh (D) All of the above (Ans : D)

3. Which one of the following is not a valuable security? 
(A) A postal receipt for an insured parcel (B) A rent note 
(C) A promissory note (D) Added of divoree (Ans : D)

4. Common Intention means– 
(A) Similar intention (B) Same intention 
(C) Sharing of intention by all persons (D) Common plans (Ans : C)

5. Nothing is an offence which is done by a child of–
(A) Eight years (B) Ten years (C) Seven years (D) Twelve years (Ans : C)

6. What punishment may be awarded to the person, whose act is covered under general exceptions? 
(A) No punishment (B) Half of the punishment prescribed for that offence 
(C) One-fourth the of the punishment prescribed for offence (D) Depends upon discretion of court (Ans : A)

7. Insanity is– 
(A) Lack of free will (B) Incapacity produced due to drunkenness 
(C) Incapable of knowing nature of act committed (D) Diseased mind (Ans : D)

8. A instigates B to give false evidence here if B does not give false evidence what offence A has committed? 
(A) A is guilty of no offence (B) Attempt to give false evidence 
(C) Offence punishable with the imprisonment of any description provided for that offence for a term which may extend to one-fourth part of longest term provided for that offence and with fine 
(D) None of above (Ans : C)

9. Minimum number of persons required to commit an affray is– 
(A) Five (B) Two (C) Ten (D) Eleven (Ans : B)

10. A puts his hand in pocket of B for stealing money but pocket was empty. A is guilty of– 
(A) Theft (B) Not guilty of theft (C) Guilty of attempt to commit theft (D) Not guilty of any offence (Ans : C)

11. Any hurt is grievous if it causes sufferer to be in severe bodily pain or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits during space of– (Chhat. J.S.) 
(A) Fifteen days (B) Twenty days (C) Twenty five days (D) Thirty days (Ans : B)

12. Sexual intercourse by a man with a woman even with her consent is a rape if she is below age of– 
(A) 17 years (B) 16 years (C) 19 years (D) 18 years (Ans : B)

13. For abduction abducted person should be– 
(A) Below 16 years of age (B) Below 18 years of age (C) insane person (D) Of any age (Ans : D)

14. A does sexual intercourse with a widow below 16 years of age with her consent– 
(A) A has not committed Rape (B) A has committed Adultery 
(C) A has committed Rape with B (D) Nothing above is correct (Ans : C)

15. Making preparation to commit dacoity is punishable in the Indian Penal Code 1860 under– 
(A) Section 393 (B) Section 395(C) Section 398 (D) Section 399 (Ans : D)

16. There is no offence of adultery if it is committed, with consent of– 
(A) Woman (B) Husband of woman (C) Member of family of woman 
(D) Wife of adulterer (Ans : b) 

17. A cheats by pretending to be B, a person who is deceased. A commits– 
(A) Cheating (B) Cheating by presentation (C) Extortion (D) Dacoity (Ans : B)

18. A commits house trespass by entering Z’s house through a window it is– 
(A) Mischief (B) House-breaking (C) Extortion (D) None of the above (Ans : B)

19. A finds a purse with money not knowing to whom it belongs he afterwards discovers that it belongs to B and appropriates to his own use. A is guilty of– 
(A) Theft (B) Criminal Misappropriation (C) Criminal Breach of Trust (D) Cheating (Ans : B)

20. A makes an attempt to pick pocket of B by thrusting his hand into B’s pocket. A fails in attempt in consequence of B’s having nothing in his pocket. A is guilty of– 
(A) No offence (B) Theft (C) Attempt of theft (D) Using Criminal Force (Ans : c) 

Polity At A Glance

How many languages are recognized in India as statutory?	22
What is the age in India to get the right to vote?	18
The drafting of Indian constitution was completed in the year	1949
Delinking of the state from religious matters is known as	Secularism
The chairman of the constitution drafting committee was	Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
What is the minimum age requirement for a person to be a candidate in Lok Sabha elections?	25
The first general elections were held in India in	1952
The writ that provides a remedy for illegal detention of a person	Habeas Corpus
The Impeachment of the President of India can be initiated in The Parliamentary form of government was first evolved in	Britain
The Indian Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on	26 November, 1949
The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy is borrowed from	Ireland
The members of Rajya Sabha are elected for a term of	Six years
The first state created on linguistic basis was	Andhra Pradesh
The highest law officer in the state is	Advocate General
The State Reorganisation Commission was appointed in 1953 under the chairmanship of	Fazal Ali
India - China war occurred in	1962
India's foreign policy is	Non-Alignment
Who can levy the taxes on agricultural revenues?	Central Government
If President and Vice President, both are unavailable, who would discharge the functions?	Chief Justice of India
What can be the maximum number of members of the Lok Sabha ?	552
What was the strength of Lok Sabha after India's first general elections?	489
In India the Parliament is made up of	1. Lok Sabha 2. Rajya Sabha 3. President
Who can choose President of India?	1. Members of Lok Sabha 2. Members of Rajya Sabha 3. Members of Legislative Assemblies
The Vice President of India is elected by the Electoral College consisting of the members of	Rajyasabha and Loksabha
How many members can be nominated in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha by the President of India?	Rajya Sabha 12, Lok Sabha 2.
The jurisdiction covering the Andaman and Nicobar islands falls under the supervision of	A circuit bench of the Kolkata High Court at Port Blair
Jurisdiction of which among the following High Courts covers the Union Territory of Lakshadweep?	Kerala High Court
The number of judges can be altered in the Supreme Court by the	Parliament
Who among the following can dismiss Governor of a state from his office?	President
Which state is not a part of the Eastern Zonal Council?	Assam
The current strength of judges in India's Supreme Court is	30
What is the maximum (sanctioned) strength of Supreme Court including the Chief Justice of India?	31
Which among the following is the middle unit of Three - Tier Panchayati Raj System?	Panchayat Samiti
A National emergency on the grounds of security threat is proclaimed under which among the following articles?	Article 352
Deputy Speaker and Speaker of the Lok Sabha may resign by giving in writing to	Each other

List of political parties in India

Party	Abbreviation	Secretary-General / President
Indian National Congress	INC	Sonia Gandhi
Bharatiya Janata Party	BJP	Rajnath Singh
Bahujan Samaj Party	BSP	Mayawati
Communist Party of India	CPI	Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy
Nationalist Congress Party	NCP	Sharad Pawar
Communist Party of India (Marxist)	CPI(M)	Prakash Karat

List of Presidents of India (1947-Till Date)

1.Rajendra Prasad
26-Jan-1950  -13-May-1962  
Political party : Indian National Congress

Prasad was the first President of independent India. He was also an independence activist of the Indian Independence Movement. Prasad was the only president to serve for two terms in office.

2.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
13-May-1962   - 13-May-1967   
Political party : Independent  
Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a Knight of the Realm and also held the position of vice chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University. Hewas also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by Pope Paul VI.

3.Zakir Hussain
13-May-1967 - 3-May-1969   
Political party : Independent  
Hussain was vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a recipient of Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna. He died before his term of office was ended.

Varahagiri Venkata Giri *
3-May-1969  - 20-Jul-1969   
Political party : Independent  
Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain. He resigned in a few months to take partin the presidential elections.

Muhammad Hidayatullah *
20-Jul-1969  - 24-Aug-1969   
Political party : Independent  
Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India, and was a recipient of the Order of the British Empire. He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India.

4.Varahagiri Venkata Giri
24-Aug-1969   - 24-Aug-1974  
Political party : Independent   
Giri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient ofthe Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

5.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
24-Aug-1974 - 11-Feb-1977   
Political party : Indian National Congress  
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have diedduring a term of office.

Basappa Danappa Jatti *
11-Feb-1977   - 25-Jul-1977   
Political party : Independent  
Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore.

6.Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
25-Jul-1977 - 25-Jul-1982   
Political party : Janata Party  
Reddy was the only Member ofParliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh. He was unanimously elected Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President ofIndia.

7.Giani Zail Singh
25-Jul-1982    - 25-Jul-1987   
Political party : Indian National Congress  
In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister.

8.Ramaswamy Venkataraman
25-Jul-1987  - 25-Jul-1992  
Political party : Indian National Congress  
In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the India's independence movement.After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joinedthe central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.

9.Shankar Dayal Sharma
25-Jul-1992 - 25-Jul-1997   
Political party : Indian National Congress  
Sharma was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra.

10.Kocheril Raman Narayanan
25-Jul-1997- 25-Jul-2002   
Political party : Independent  
Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities. He was also the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University.

11.A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
25-Jul-2002 -25-Jul-2007   
Political party : Independent  
Kalam was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. Kalam also received the Bharat Ratna.

12.Pratibha Patil
25-Jul-2007
Political party : Indian National Congress  
Patil was the first woman to become President of India. She was also the first female Governor

13.Pranab Mukherjee
25th-July 2012

Political party : Indian National Congress 
Mukherjee was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress until he resigned from political office preceding his election as President on 22 July 2012. He took office as the 13th President of India on 25 July 2012.Mukherjee has received several accolades and honors. In 1984, he was rated as the best Finance Minister in the World according to a survey of Euromoney magazine.

Parliaments

No.	Country	Name of Parliament
01	Bangladesh	Jatiyo Sangsad
02	Britain	Parliament (House of Commons is the Lower House and House of lords is the Upper house)
03	West Germany	Lower House-Bundesrat,Upper House-Bundestag
04	India	Parliament (Lok Sabha is the Lower house & Rajya Sabha is the Upper House)
05	Iran	Majlis
06	Israel	Kneeset
07	Japan	Diet
08	Nepal	Panchayat
09	Sweden	Riksdag
10	U.S.A.	Congress (Lower House-house of Representatives & Upper house-Senate)
11	U.S.S.R.	Supreme Soviet
12	China	National Peoples,Congress
13	Denmark	Folketing
14	Holland	States,General
15	Pakistan	Parliament(National Assembly and Senate)
16	Australia	Parliament
17	Malaysia	Dewan Rakyat(Upper),Dewan Nagara (Lower)
18	Mongolia	Khurat
19	New Zealand	House of Representatives
20	Norway	Storting
21	Poland	Sejin
22	Romania	Grand National Assembly
23	South Africa	House of Assembly
24	Spain	Crotes
25	Sweden	Riksdag
26	Switzerland	Federal Assembly
27	Canada	Parliament (Lower House:House of Commons, Upper House:Senate)
28	Ireland	Althing

List of Lok Sabha Speakers

Lok Sabha	First meeting	Dissolution	Speaker	Tenure	Party
First Lok Sabha	13 May, 1952	4 April, 1957	Shri Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar	15 May, 1952-27 –  February, 1956	Indian National Congress
			Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar	8 March, 1956 –  10 May, 1957	Indian National Congress
Second Lok Sabha	10 May, 1957	31 March, 1962	Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar	11 May, 1957 –  16 April, 1962	Indian National Congress
Third Lok Sabha	16 April, 1962	3 March,  1967	Shri Hukam Singh	17 April, 1962 –  16 March, 1967	Indian National Congress
Fourth Lok Sabha	16 March, 1967	7 December, 1970	Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	17 March, 1967 –  19 July, 1969	Indian National Congress
			Shri Gurdial Singh Dhillon	8 August, 1969 –  19 March, 1971	Indian National Congress
Fifth Lok Sabha	19 March, 1971	18 January, 1977	Shri Gurdial Singh Dhillon	22 March, 1971 –  1 December, 1975	Indian National Congress
			Shri Bali Ram Bhagat	5 January, 1976 –  25 March, 1977	Indian National Congress
Sixth Lok Sabha	25 March, 1977	22 August, 1979	Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	26 March, 1977 –  13 July, 1977	Janata Party
			Shri K. S. Hegde	21 July, 1977 –  21 January, 1980	Janata Party
Seventh Lok Sabha	21 January, 1980	31 December, 1984	Shri Bal Ram Jakhar	22 January, 1980 –  15 January, 1985	Indian National Congress
Eighth Lok Sabha	15 January, 1985	27 November, 1989	Shri Bal Ram Jakhar,	16 January, 1985 –  18 December, 1989	Indian National Congress
Ninth Lok Sabha	18 December, 1989	13 March, 1991	Shri Ravi Ray	19 December, 1989 –  9 July, 1991	Janata Party
Tenth Lok Sabha	9 July, 1991	10 May, 1996	Shri Shivraj V. Patil	10 July, 1991 –  22 May, 1996	Indian National Congress
Eleventh Lok Sabha	22 May, 1996	4 Dec., 1997	Shri P. A. Sangma	23 May, 1996 –  23 March, 1998 (FN)	Indian National Congress
Twelfth Lok Sabha	23 March, 1998,	26 April, 1999	Shri G. M. C. Balayogi	24 March, 1998 –  20 October, 1999 (FN)	Telugu Desam Party
Thirteenth Lok Sabha	20 October, 1999	6 February, 2004	Shri G. M. C. Balayogi	22 October, 1999 –  3 March, 2002	Telugu Desam Party
			Shri Manohar Joshi	10 May, 2002 –  4 June, 2004	Shiv Sena
Fourteenth Lok Sabha	2 June, 2004	18 May, 2009	Shri Somnath Chatterjee	4 June, 2004 –  30 May 2009	Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Fifteen Lok Sabha	1 July, 2009	———–	Meira Kumar	30 May 2009–present	Indian National Congress

List of High Courts in India

Name	Establishment year	Territorial Jurisdiction	Seat
Allahabad	1866	Utter Pradesh	Allahabad (Bench at Lucknow)
Andhra Pradesh	1954	Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad
Bombay	1862	Maharastra, Dadar, & Nagar Haveli. Goa, Daman  Diu
Kolkata	1862	West Bengal, Andman & Nicobar Islands	Kolkata ( Bench of port Blair)
Delhi	1966	Delhi	Delhi
Guwahati	1948	Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh	Guwahati (Bench at Kohima , Imphal , Agartala , and Shilong
Gujarat	1960	Gujarat	Ahmedabad
Himachal Pradesh	1966	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla
Jammu & Kashmir	1928	Jammu & Kashmir	Sri Nagar & Jammu
Karnataka	1884	Karnataka	Bangalore
Kerala	1958	Kerala & Lakshadweep	Ernakulam
Madhya Pradesh	1956	Madhya Pradesh	Jabalpur  (Bench –Indore , Gwalior)
Madras	1862	Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry	Chennai
Orissa	1948	Orissa	Cuttack
Patna	1916	Bihar	Patna
Punjab & Haryana	1975	Punjab, Haryana , Chandigarh	Chandigarh
Rajasthan	1949	Rajasthan	Jodhpur ( Bench – Jaipur)
Sikkim	1975	Sikkim	Gangtok
Chhattisgarh	2000	Chhattisgarh	Bilaspur
Uttarakhand	2000	Uttarakhand	Nainital
Jharkhand	2000	Jharkhand	Ranchi

Borrowed features of constitution from different countries.

From U.K.	Nominal Head – President (like Queen) Cabinet System of Ministers Post of PM Parliamentary Type of Govt. Bicameral Parliament Lower House more powerful Council of Ministers responsible to Lowe House Speaker in Lok Sabha
From U.S.	Written Constitution Executive head of state known as President and his being the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha Fundamental Rights Supreme Court Provision of States Independence of Judiciary and judicial review Preamble
From USSR	Fundamental Duties Five year Plan
From AUSTRALIA	Concurrent list Language of the preamble Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse
From JAPAN	Law on which the Supreme Court function
From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY	Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency
From CANADA	Scheme of federation with a strong centre Distribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the centre
From IRELAND	Concept of Directive Principles of States Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN) Method of election of President Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President

New states in India created after 1950

Andhra Pradesh	Created by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act 1953 by carving our some areas from the State of Chennai
Gujarat and Maharashtra	The State of Mumbai was divided into two States i.e. Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Mumbai (Reorganisation) Act 1960
Kerala	Created by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It comprised Travancor and Cochin areas
Karnataka	Created from the Princely State of Mysuru by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It was renamed Karnataka in 1973
Nagaland	It was carved out from the State of Asom by the State of Nagaland Act, 1952
Haryana	It was carved out from the State of Punjab by the Punjab (Reorganisation) Act, 1966
Himachal Pradesh	The Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was elevated to the status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
Meghalaya	First carved out as a sub-State within the State of Asom by 23 Constitutional Amendment Act, 1969. Later in 1971, it received the status of a full-fledged State by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971
Manipura and Tripura	Both these States were elevated from the status of Union-Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971
Sikkim	Sikkim was first given the Status of Associate State by the 35th Constitutional Amendment Act 1974. It got the status of a full State in 1975 by the 36th Amendment Act, 1975
Mizoram	It was elevated to the status of a full State by the State of Mizoram Act, 1986
Arunachal Pradesh	It received the status of a full state by the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1896
Goa	Goa was separated from the Union-Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu and was made a full-fledged State of Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganisation Act 1987. But Daman and Diu remained as Union Territory
Chhattisgarh	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000
Uttarakhand	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000
Jharkhand	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Bihar on November 15, 2000

list of Presidents of India

 

S.No.	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party
1	Rajendra Prasad	26 Jan 1950	13 May 1962	Indian National Congress
2	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	13 May 1962	13 May 1967	Independent
3	Zakir Hussain	13 May 1967	3 May 1969	Independent
	Varahagiri Venkata Giri*	3 May 1969	20 July 1969	Independent
	Muhammad Hidayatullah	20 July 1969	24 Aug 1969	Independent
4	Varahagiri Venkata Giri	24 Aug 1969	24 Aug 1974	Independent
5	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed	24 Aug 1974	11 Feb 1977	Indian National Congress
	Basappa Danappa Jatti*	11 Feb 1977	25 July 1977	Independent
6	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	25 July 1977	25 July 1982	Janata Party
7	Giani Jail Singh	25 July 1982	25 July 1987	Indian National Congress
8	Ramaswamy Venkataraman	25 July 1987	25 July 1992	Indian National Congress
9	Shankar Dayal Sharma	25 July 1992	25 July 1997	Indian National Congress
10	Kocheril Raman Narayanan	25 July 1997	25 July 2002	Independent
11	A.P.J. Abdul Kalam	25 July 2002	25 July 2007	Independent
12	Pratibha Patil	25 July 2007	Incumbant	Indian National Congress

* denotes Acting Presidents

Solicitor General of India (past and present)

Solicitor General	Term
C.K.Daphtary	28.01.1950 – 01.03.1963
H.N. Sanyal	02.03.1963 – 09.09.1964
S.V. Gupta	10.09.1964 – 16.09.1967
Niren De	30.09.1967 – 30.10.1968
Jagadish Swarup	05.06.1969 – 04.06.1972
L.N. Sinha	17.07.1972 – 05.04.1977
S.N. Kacker	05.04.1977 – 02.08.1979
Soli Sorabjee	09.08.1979 – 25.01.1980
K. Parasaran	06.03.1980 – 08.08.1983
Milon K. Banerji	04.04.1986 – 03.04.1989
Ashok Desai	18.12.1989 – 02.12.1990
A.D. Giri	04.12.1990 – 01.12.1991
Dipankar P. Gupta	09.04.1992 – 10.04.1997
T.R.Andhyarujina	11.04.1997 – 04.04.1998
Nitte Santhosh Hegde	10.04.1998 – 07.01.1999
Harish Salve	01.11.1999 - 03.11.2002
Kirit N Raval	04.11.2002 - 19.04.2004
G. E. Vahanvati	20.04.2004 - 07.06.2009
Gopal Subramaniam	15.06.2009 - 14.7.2011
Rohinton Nariman	23.7.2011 -

Writs - Provisions in Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs as mentioned above for enforcement of any of the fundamental rights conferred by Part III of Indian Constitution. (Article 32) Thus the power to issue writs is primarily a provision made to make available the Right to Constitutional Remedies to every citizen. The Right to Constitutional Remedies, as we know, is a guarantor of all other fundamental rights available to the people of India.
In addition to the above, the Constitution also provides for the Parliament to confer on the Supreme Court power to issue writs, for purposes other than those mentioned above.
Similary High Courts in India are also empowered to issue writs for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III and for any other purpose.

Types of Writs

There are five types of Writs - Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo warranto.

1. Habeas Corpus

"Habeas Corpus" is a Latin term which literally means "you may have the body." The writ is issued to produce a person who has been detained , whether in prison or in private custody, before a court and to release him if such detention is found illegal.

2. Mandamus

Mandamus is a Latin word, which means "We Command". Mandamus is an order from the Supreme Court or High Court to a lower court or tribunal or public authority to perform a public or statutory duty. This writ of command is issued by the Supreme Court of High court when any government, court, corporation or any public authority has to do a public duty but fails to do so.

3. Certiorari

Literally, Certiorari means to be certified. The writ of certiorari can be issued by the Supreme Court or any High Court for quashing the order already passed by an inferior court, tribunal or quasi judicial authority. There are several conditions necessary for the issue of writ of certiorari

1. There should be court, tribunal or an officer having legal authority to determine the question with a duty to act judicially.
2. Such a court, tribunal or officer must have passed an order acting without jurisdiction or in excess of the judicial authority vested by law in such court, tribunal or officer.
3. The order could also be against the principles of natural justice or the order could contain an error of judgment in appreciating the facts of the case.

4. Prohibition

The Writ of prohibition means to forbid or to stop and it is popularly known as 'Stay Order'. This writ is issued when a lower court or a body tries to transgress the limits or powers vested in it. The writ of prohibition is issued by any High Court or the Supreme Court to any inferior court, or quasi judicial body prohibiting the latter from continuing the proceedings in a particular case, where it has no jurisdiction to try. After the issue of this writ, proceedings in the lower court etc. come to a stop.

Difference between Prohibition and Certiorari:

1. While the writ of prohibition is available during the pendency of proceedings, the writ of certiorari can be resorted to only after the order or decision has been announced.
2. Both the writs are issued against legal bodies.

5. The Writ of Quo-Warranto

The word Quo-Warranto literally means "by what warrants?" or "what is your authority"? It is a writ issued with a view to restrain a person from holding a public office to which he is not entitled. The writ requires the concerned person to explain to the Court by what authority he holds the office. If a person has usurped a public office, the Court may direct him not to carry out any activities in the office or may announce the office to be vacant. Thus High Court may issue a writ of quo-warranto if a person holds an office beyond his retirement age.

Writs in brief

Type of Writ	Meaning of the word	Purpose of issue
Habeas Corpus	You may have the body	To release a person who has been detained unlawfully whether in prison or in private custody.
Mandamus	We Command	To secure the performance of public duties by lower court, tribunal or public authority.
Certiorari	To be certified	To quash the order already passed by an inferior court, tribunal or quasi judicial authority.
Prohibition	-	To prohibit an inferior court from continuing the proceedings in a particular case where it has no jurisdiction to try.
Quo Warranto	What is your authority?	To restrain a person from holding a public office which he is not entitled.

INDIAN CONSTITUTION MCQs

1. The word ex-officio means included or allowed because of holding the office of the Vice President of India
(a) he/she would automatically become the Chairperson
(b) he/she would be elected by the people directly
(c) he/she would be nominated by the President of India
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
2. Which of the following statement is not correct?
(a) If the majority of the house votes against minister continues in power
(b) If the majority of the house votes for the motion the council of ministers has to resign
(c) If the President votes against the motion of the council of ministers 1s to resign
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
3. Which of the following is not correct?
(a) Starred questions are for oral answers.
(b) Non-starred questions and written answers
(c) Both are for oral and written answers
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
4. The President enjoys the following powers
(a) Financial powers
(b) Emergency powers
(c) Judicial powers
(d) All of the above
Ans. (d)
5. Which of the following is not a judicial function of the Parliament?
(a) It can impeach and remove the President out of his office
(b) It takes part in the election of the President
(c) It can impeach the judges of the Supreme Court
(d) It can impeach the judges of the High Court of India
Ans. (b)
6. Which of the following is not the function of the cabinet?
(a) All national policies of the government are formulated
(b) All major appointments made by the President are decided by this body
(c) It decides the country’s foreign policy
(d) It rules but does not reign
Ans. (d)
7. The Council of Ministers at the centre is responsible to
(a) The President
(b) The Prime Minister
(c) The Rajya Sabha
(d) The Lok Sabha
Ans. (d)
8. In the third stage of the bill
(a) The name and purpose of the bill is given
(b) The bill is read and discussed clause by clause
(c) The bill is put to vote
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
9. The Parliament follows certain types of motions such as
(a) The no-confidence motion
(b) Calling attention notice
(c) Adjournment motion
(d) All of the above
Ans. (d)
10. The head of the council of Ministers and the actual head of the central government is the
(a) President
(b) Cabinet Ministers
(c)Prime Minister
(d) Vice President
Ans. (c)
11. The judicial functions of the Indian Parliament are -
(a) It can remove the President out of office
(b) It can impeach the President
(c) It can impeach the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court of India
(d) all of the above
Ans. (d)
12. The Parliament can pass a bill on subjects mentioned in the state list if members of
(a) The Rajya Sabha adopts a resolution to that effect by two-third majority
(b) The Lok Sabha adopts a resolution to that effect by two third majority
(c) The Lok Sabha adopts a resolution by simple majority
(d) The Rajya Sabha adopts a resolution to that effect by absolute majority.
Ans. (a)
13. Which statement is correct?
(a) The Indian Parliament controls the Executive
(b) The Speaker controls the Prime Minister
(c) The Vice President controls the Speaker
(d) All of the above are correct
Ans. (a)
14. Which of the following are not the functions of legislature?
(a) To enact laws
(b) To conduct election
(c) To control finance
(d) To consider matters of publish importance
Ans. (b)
15. Which of the following do not have bicameral legislature?
(a) England
(b) India
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
16. Which body can sit as the court of impeachment for the trial of the President?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The Election Commission
(c) The Parliament
(d) The Prime Minister
Ans. (c)
17. Who is the first citizen of the country?
(a) The wife of the President
(b) The father of the President
(c) The President himself
(d) The Prime Minister
Ans. (c)
18. President rule is imposed in a state under
(a) Article 353
(b) Article 356
(c) Article 351
(d) Article 359
Ans. (d)
19. Who had the shortest term of Vice Presidentship in India?
(a) Dr. Zakir Hussain
(b) Shri V.V. Giri
(c) Shri Krishan Kant
(d) Shri K.R. Narayanan
Ans. (b)
20. Who had the shortest term of Presidentship in India?
(a) Dr. F.A. Ahmed
(b) Dr. S. Radha Krishnan
(c) Dr. Zakir Hussain
(d) Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma
Ans. (c)

POLITY OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1.Who is known as the sculptor of the constitution of India’?
(a) Rajendra Prasad (b) V.V. Giri
(c) B.R. Ambedkar (d) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

Answer : C

2.What is known as the “Little India”?
(a) City (b) Town (c) Village (d) State

Answer : C

3.A major obstacle to democracy is:
(a) Poverty of the people (b) Illiteracy
(c) Bureaucracy (d) Corruption

Answer : D

4.What is the function of the Gram Panchayat?
(a) To maintain law and order (b) To develop agriculture
(c) To maintain Sanitation (d) All of the above

Answer : D

5.Who is a “Lumbardar”?
(a) The head of a regiment (b) Head of Village
(c) Head of labourers (d) Nominee of the government

Answer : B

6.What is the lowest stage of the local government?
(a) Gram Panchayat (b) Panchayat samiti
(c) Zila Panchayat (d) District Council

Answer : A

7.What is known as the “Little India”?
(a) City (b) Town (c) Village (d) State

Answer : C

8.The mayor of the Corporation is:
(a) Elected by the people
(b) Elected by the members of the Corporation
(c) Appointed by the Chief Minister
(d) Appointed by the Government

Answer : B

9.Who collects the House Tax?
(a) Municipality or corporation (b) State Government
(c) Central government (d) District magistrate

Answer : A

10.What is the head of a Corporation known as
(a) President (b) Chairman (c) Alderman (d) Mayor

Answer : D

11.What is a Corporation?
(a) It is the same as municipality
(b) It is the municipality of a very big city
(c) It is a business undertaking (d) It is a limited company

Answer : B

12.What is the duty of the Municipality?
(a) To maintain law and order
(b) To keep the city neat and clean
(c) To collect taxes (d) To suppress crime

Answer : B

13.What is Local Self-Government?
(a) Government of the wife (b) Government of the husband
(c) Municipal government (d) Mental government

Answer : C

14.Who was the last Governor-General of India?
(a) Lord Mountbatten (b) Rajagopalachari
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (d) Sarojini Naidu

Answer : B

15.Who is a gazetted officer?
(a) An officer with the red tape
(b) Bureaucrat
(c) Deputy Secretary
(d) The high officer of a department whose transfer is gazetted

Answer : D

16.Which is the most important and highest service?
(a) Indian Administrative Service (b) Indian Foreign Service
(c) Indian Police Service (d) Indian Information Service

Answer : B

17.Which is not an essential part of the Government?
(a) Cabinet (b) The Supreme Court
(c) Parliament (d) Indian Administrative Service

Answer : D

18.The Governor of a State is appointed by
(a) The State legislature (b) The Prime Minister
(c) The President (d) The Parliament

Answer : C

19.Who appoints the Chief Minister?
(a) The Governor of the State (b) The Prime Minister
(c) The Legislative Assembly (d) The Supreme Court

Answer : C

20.Who is a Chief Minister?
(a) Deputy Prime Minister
(b) The leader of the Union Territory
(c) The Leader of the Legislative Assembly in a State
(d) None of the above

Answer : C

21.Who elects the Prime Minister?
(a) The people (b) The President
(c) The Parliament (d) All of the above

Answer : C

22.The President of India is elected by:
(a) The members of Parliament
(b) The Members of Legislative Assemblies
(c) Both (d) Neither

Answer : B

23.The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by
(a) The Prime Minister of India
(b) The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
(c) The President of India (d) The Indian parliament

Answer : C

24.When the President can declare emergency?
(a) When there is a breakdown of the constitutional machinery
(b) When security of India is threatened
(c) When financial stability is endangered
(d) Any or all of the above

Answer : D

25.Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces in India?
(a) The Prime Minister (b) The Commander-in-chief
(c) The President of India (d) Minister of Defence

Answer : C

26.Who Presides over the Rajya Sabha?
(a) The President of India (b) The Speaker of Lok sabha
(c) The Vice-President (d) None of them

Answer : C

27.Which body makes laws?
(a) The President (b) The Prime Minister
(c) The Parliament (d) The Supreme Court

Answer : C

28.In whom is the real power invested in India?
(a) The President (b) The Prime Minister
(c) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
(d) All of them together

Answer : B

29.What are the essential elements of a republic?
(a) Independence (b) Sovereignty
(c) Democracy (d) All of the above

Answer : D

30.The function of the judiciary is:
(a) To make laws (b) To enforce laws
(c) To interpret laws (d) All of the above

Answer : C

31.What is law-making authority of the government called?
(a) Legislature (b) Executive
(c) Judiciary (d) None of the above

Answer : A

32.In democracy:
(a) All people are equal
(b) All people are equal politically
(c) All people are equal economically
(d) None of the above is true

Answer : B

33.What is a government of the people, for the people and by the people?
(a) Dictatorship (b) Aristocracy
(c) Mobocracy (d) Ram Rajya

Answer : C

34.Which is a government of the people, by the people and for the people?
(a) Monarchy (b) Bureaucracy
(c) Oligarchy (d) Democracy

Answer : D

35.Who is a citizen?
(a) A person who lives in a city
(b) A citizen is one who enjoys full legal rights in a country
(c) Both (d) Neither

Answer : B

36.What are the qualifications of a judge of the High Court?
(a) Should have held a judicial office for not less than ten years
(b) Should have been advocate in a High Court for not less ten years
(c) Either (d) Neither

Answer : C

37.What are the qualifications of a member of Parliament?
(a) A citizen of India
(b) Not less than 25 years of age
(c) An elector of any parliamentary constituency
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

38.What are the functions of the Prime Minister?
(a) Constituting the Cabinet
(b) Presiding over the Cabinet
(c) Leadership of the House of the People
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

39.What are the basis principles of the Cabinet Government?
(a) Political homogeneity (b) Ministerial responsibility
(c) Leadership of the Prime Minister
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

40.What are the Emergency Powers of the President
(a) Emergency caused by war or internal disturbances
(b) Emergency Because of the failure of the Constitution
(c) Financial emergencies
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

41.What are the qualifications of the President of India?
(a) A citizen of India
(b) Over 35 years of age
(c) Eligible for election as a member of the Parliament
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

42.What is common between the President of India and the President of America?
(a) Name (b) Powers (c) Both (d) Neither

Answer : A

43.What are the Directive Principles for promoting International Peace?
(a) Promote International peace and security
(b) Maintain honourable relations between nations
(c) Foster respect for international law
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

44.What are the Directive Principles for shaping India into a Gandhian State?
(a) Organization of village panchayts
(b) promotion of prohibition
(c) Promotion of Khadi and village industries
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

45.What are the Directive Principle of developing India as a Welfare State?
(a) Fair distribution of Wealth
(b) Equal pay for equal work to men and women
(c) Free and compulsory education for children up to 14 years
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

46.What are Writs?
(a) Habeas Corpus (b) mandamus
(c) Quo warranto (d) All of the above

Answer : D

47.What is Right against Exploitation?
(a) Traffic in human beings is forbidden
(b) Forced labour is prohibited
(c) Children under fourteen years of age cannot be employed in factories
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

48.What is Right to Freedom?
(a) Right of speech and expression
(b) Right to assemble peacefully
(c) Right to form associations and unions
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

49.What does Article 17 of the Constitution Say?
(a) Untouchability is abolished
(b) The practice of untouchability is forbidden
(c) Practice untouchability is an offence
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

50.What are the Fundamental Rights?
(a) Right to property (b) Right to equality
(c) Right to Freedom of Religion (d) All of the above

Answer : D