Religion and Dharma System | Religion/ Dharma | Founded | Holy Book | Holy Cities, Pilgrimage sites | Founder of Religion | Diviner / Incarnations of God |
Hinduism | Dharma | 500 C.E. | BHAGAVAD GITA, VEDA, Upanishad | Kasi, Ayodhya, Mathura, etc. | None | Rama, Krishna, Buddha |
Hinduism refers to the beliefs and practices of Hindus as expressed in its doctrines i.e., BHAGAVAD GITA, VEDA, Upanishad, sacrament, narrative, and epic. It is the main religion of India and Nepal which includes the worship of several gods and belief in REINCARNATION. Hinduism is practiced by over 700 million people. | ||||||
Ancient Sanatana Dharma | Dharma | 4000 B.C.E. | - | Kasi, Ayodhya, Madhupura (Mathura) | None | Rama, Krishna |
The term Sanātana Dharma translates to approximately “eternal law”, is notion of great importance to Hinduism. Those preferring sanatana dharma emphasize a more catholic tradition of belief and practice. “Speak the truth, speak the truth that is pleasant. Do not speak the truth to manipulate. Do not speak falsely to please or flatter someone. This is the quality of the Sanatan Dharma“. | ||||||
Zoroastrianism | Religion | 1800 B.C.E. | Zend Avesta (Gathas) | Yazd, Pasargade, Persepolis, Kernan, Tehran | Zarathushtra | Zarathushtra |
It is a religion started in ancient Persia by Zoroaster that teaches that there is one God and a continuing struggle in the world between forces of light and darkness. Zoroastrianism originated in ancient Persia (now Iran). The sacred texts of Zoroastrianism are collectively called the Avesta. | ||||||
Buddhism | Dharma | 600 B.C.E. | Dhammapada | Bodh Gaya, Rajgir, Kapilavastu, Saranath | Gautam Siddhartha | Gautam Siddhartha |
Buddhism is an Asian religion based on the teaching of Gautama Siddhartha (or Buddha). Buddhism played a central role in the spiritual, cultural, and social life of the Eastern world and, during the twentieth century, spread to the West. | ||||||
Jainism | Dharma | 650 B.C.E. | Akaranga Sutra | Palitana, Kashi/Varanasi, Parasnath,etc. | Mahavira | Mahavira |
Jainism is one of the three most ancient of India’s religious traditions still in existence. Jainism teaches a path to spiritual deliverance through a strict code of conduct based on non-violence to all living creatures. The name Jainism derives from the Sanskrit verb root ji (to conquer). Jainism originated around the seventh-fifth centuries BC in the Ganga basin of North India. Jainism often employs concepts similar to Hinduism and Buddhism | ||||||
Judaism | Religion | 1600 B.C.E. | Tanakh (Torah, Neviim, Ketuvim) | Jerusalem | Abraham | Abraham, Moses |
Judaism is the religion of the Jews, a monotheistic religion discerned in patterns of action, social order, and culture. God is viewed as the divine “Giver of Torah*” – in its broadest traditional sense, supported by the Hebrew Scriptures. Jews believe that they are chosen by the God to receive divine guidance. Abraham was the founder of Judaism. * the law of God as given to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Bible | ||||||
Christianity | Religion | 30 C.E. | Bible | Bethlehem, Vatican City, Jerusalem | Yah’shua (Jesus) | Yahshua, Abraham |
Christianity is the religion that is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the belief that he was the son of God. Christians number more than 1.7 billion and can be divided among three principal groups: the Roman Catholic church, the Eastern Orthodox churches, and the Protestant churches. | ||||||
Islam | Religion | 650 C.E. | Quran | Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem | Muhammad | Muhammad, Yahshua, Abraham |
It is the Muslim religion, based on belief in one God and REVEALED through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. The term islam, literally means “surrender”. In Islam Allah is viewed as the sole God – creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world. The most sacred place for Muslims is the Ka’aba, a cube-shaped building in Mecca. | ||||||
Sikhism | Dharma | 1450 C.E. | Guru Granth Sahib | Amritsar | Guru Nanak | Guru Nanak |
Sikhism was founded in the late fifteenth century by Guru Nanak. The word sikh is derived from the Pali sikkha or Sanskrit sisya (follower). Historically Sikhism is associated with Punjab, India, a region that connects southern Asia with the Middle East. The Adi Granth is the canonical scripture of the Sikhs. | ||||||
Bahaism | Religion | 1850 C.E. | Qitab I Aqdas | Haifa, Israel | Baha’ullah | Many from many faiths |
Bahaism is a religion founded in Iran in the mid-19th century by Mirza Hoseyn ‘Ali Nuri, who is known as Baha` Ullah (Arabic: “Glory of God”). The principal Baha`i doctrines are the essential unity of all religions and the unity of humanity. The Baha`is use a calendar in which the year is divided into 19 months of 19 days each, with the addition of 4 intercalary days (5 in leap years). | ||||||
Confucianism* | Dharma | 550 B.C.E. | Confucian Canon | Nanjing and Wuxi, China | Kung Fu-Tze | Kung Fu-Tze |
Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It is a complex system of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious. It has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of East Asia. It is considered as a state religion of some East Asian countries. | ||||||
Taoism* | Dharma | 640 B.C.E. | Tao te Ching | Jinhua and Guangdong, China | Lao Tze | Lao Tze |
Taoism (or Daoism) refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions that have influenced Eastern Asia for more than two millennia. It have had a notable influence on the western world particularly since the 19th century. Taoism has never been a unified religion, but has rather consisted of numerous teachings based on various revelations. | ||||||
* Though Confucianism and Taoism are not religions; but listed here for informational purposes. |
Showing posts with label HISTORY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HISTORY. Show all posts
Saturday, February 14, 2015
Religions in India
Monday, October 13, 2014
History Made Easy
The policy of Blood and Iron was followed by
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Bismark
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What is the name given to the army commanded by Garibaldi?
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Redshirts
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Communist manifesto was written by
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Karl Marx
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'Das kapital' was written by
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Karl Marx
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Napoleon was defeated finally in which war?
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Waterloo
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Mazzini founded a revolutionary society called
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Young Italy
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Congo was discovered by
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Cameroon
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The highest stage of capitalism is
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Imperialism
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Which continent was regarded as 'Dark Continent'?
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Africa
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Which was the first country to fall prey to the Europeans
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India
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Who were the first to develop trade with India
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Portuguese
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Russian parliament is called as
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Duma
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"War is to a nation what maternity is to women" was the principle advocated by
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Mussolini
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The author of "Mein Kampf" was
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Hitler
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Robert Mugabe became the first president of
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Zimbabwe
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Who was the founder of Nazi Party
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Hitler
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The founder of Fascist Party was
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Mussolini
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Excavation work of Indus valley civilization was first carried out by
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Sir John Marshall
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Temples at Mahabalipuram were built by
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Narasimhavarman / Pallavas
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The immediate Cause of the sepoy mutiny was the use of
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Enfield Rifles
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The British who succeeded in abolishing the practice of Sati in India was
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William Bentinck
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The European country which held monopoly over India trade during 16th century was
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Portugal
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Ramakrishna mission was founded by
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Swami Vivekananda
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Red Fort located in Delhi was built by
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Shahjahan
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Great master of Indian medical science was
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Charaka
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The 1857 Revolt began at
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Meerut
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The sculpture that existed during Kanishka's period was called
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Gandhara Sculpture / Greco-Buddhist Art
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The construction of Qutub Minar was completed by
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Iltutmish
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Hiuen Tsang, the Chinese pilgrim visited India during the reign of
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Harsha
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The earliest of the Vedas is
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Rigveda
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Ajanta caves are near
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Aurangabad (Maharashtra)
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Brihadeshwara Temple was built at
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Tanjavur
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The builder of Buland Darwaza was
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Akbar
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The great astronomer of Ancient India
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Varahamihira / Aryabhatta
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The philosophy advocated by Shankara-charya is known as
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Advaita
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Founder of Mughal Empire
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Babur
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What was a striking example of city culture at Mohenjo Daro?
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Great Bath
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Who produced Vedic literature
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Aryans
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Tanjavur Brihadeshwara temple built by
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Raja Raja Chola
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The biggest Nataraja image in the country is at
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Chidambaram
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Who laid foundation of Indo-Persian school of painting?
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Akbar
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Indo-Persian architecture was patronized by
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Shahjahan
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Who gave patronage to Mughul miniature painting?
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Jahangir
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Which is regarded as very ancient native Indian language?
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Sanskrit
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Ganapati festival, Shivaji festival were started by
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Bala Gangadhar Tilak
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The 1857 revolt was called as
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First war of Indian Independence
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In Chandragupta Vikramaditya's court there were the poets called
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Navaratnas
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Whose court was adorned by Ashtadiggajas?
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Sri Krishna Devaraya
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Who were responsible for the rise of Bakthi movement?
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Sufi saints
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Ramanuja was a worshipper of Vishnu and preached
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Vaishnavism
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Who popularized the Advaita philosophy?
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Shankaracharya
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Who founded the Dvaita philosophy?
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Madhvacharya
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Who founded the Sikh sect?
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Guru Nanak
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The slogan "Give me blood, I shall give you freedom given by
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Subhash Chandra Bose
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Who said "Satyameva Jayathe" (Truth alone will win)?
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Madan Mohan Malaviya
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Who said "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it"?
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Bal Gangadhar Tilak
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Who said -Go back to the Vedas?
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Swami Dayanand Saraswati
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Who said -Inquilab Zindabad?
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Bhagat Singh
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Who said 'Do or die'?
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Gandhi
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The book 'Tughluq Namah' was written by?
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Amir Khusrau
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The book 'Akbar Namah' was written by?
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Abul Fazl
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The Rajaraja Temple at Thanjur was built by?
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Rajendra Chola 1
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Gopuram is an important feature of
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Dravidian construction
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Tripitakas are sacred books of
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Buddhists
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The theory of economic drain of India during British imperialism was propounded by
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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The Vijayanagara ruler, Sri Kirshnadeva Raya's work Amuktamalyada, was in
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Telugu
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Two of the great Mughals wrote their own memories are
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Babur and Jahangir
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To which king belongs the Lion capitol at Sarnath?
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Ashoka
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The language of discourses of Gautama Buddha was
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Pali
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To whom of the Republic of Buddha belong?
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Sakyas
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Tipu sultan was the ruler of
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Mysore
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'The Vedas contain all the truth' was interpreted by
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Swami Dayananda
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To meet the educational needs of the people, the Madarasa-I Nasiri was built in the regin of
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Iltutmish
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The Vedic deity Indra was the Goddess of
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Rain and Thunder
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Pulakesin II was the most famous ruler of
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Chalukyas
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Under whose leadership was the All India Muslim League set up?
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Aga Khan
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The Upanishads are
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A source of Hindu Philosophy
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Who was the first Buddhist pilgrim of China to visit India during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya
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Fa-Hien
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Who found the Servants of India Society?
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Gopala Krishna Gokhale
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Who wrote famous epic ‘Shahnama’?
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Firdausi
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The Salt Satyagraha was held at
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Dandi, Gujarat
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The leader of the Indian National Army was
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Subash Chandra Bose
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Minto-Marley reforms were introduced in
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1905
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Annie Besant belonged to
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Ireland
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The Home Rule Movement was started by
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Annie Besant/Tilak
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The leader of moderates was
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Gopala Krishna Gokhale
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First President of Indian National Congress
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W.C. Bonerjee
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Muslim league was formed in
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1906
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Indian National Congress first session was held at
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Mumbai
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The main objective of the extremist was the attainment of
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Swaraj
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The partition of Bengal was made in 1905 by
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Lord Curzon
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Which movement was launched in response to the Partition of Bengal?
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Vande Mataram
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The hymn of Vande Mataram was written by
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Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
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Gandhi fought against ____ system at champaran
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Tinkathia
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Who was responsible for Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
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General Dyer
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Gandhi took very serious view of the ____ incident and called off the non-cooperation movement
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Chauri Chaura
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In 1930, the First Round Table Conference held at
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London
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Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed in
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1931
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For which award Gandhiji protested against MacDonald
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Communal
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Gandhi and Ambedkar signed
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Poona Pact
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Atlee, the Prime Minister of England sent a Cabinet mission to India in
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1946
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According to ____ plan (1947) the partition of India was happened.
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Mountbatten
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Who were the first Europeans to come to India and last to leave India?
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Portuguese
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Indian National Movement Date Wise Snippets
1885
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Indian National Congress was formed.
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1905
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Partition of Bengal by Curzon.
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1906
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All India Muslim league was formed.
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1907
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1911 - Annulment of the partition of Bengal.
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1911
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Champaran movement
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1917
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Rowlatt Act passed - The act curbed the fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and strengthened the police powers.
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1919
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Jallianwalabagh Massacre. In protest Tagore renounced his knighthood.
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1919
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Khilafat movement. Gandhi took it as an opportunity for Muslim-Hindu unity and supported the movement.
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1920
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Non Cooperation movement. British titles were surrendered. Import of foreign cloth fell drastically between 1920 and 1922.
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1920
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Gandhi called off the Non Cooperation movement.
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1922
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Chauri chaura incident - killing 22 policemen.
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1922
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Simon Commission: the Commission was to recommend further constitutional reforms. It was headed by Sir John Simon. It contained all white members. When the Simon came to Indian he was greeted with black flags as a mark of protest by the Indians with raised slogans stating - "Simon Go Back".
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1927
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Nehru Report: It demanded responsible government advocated dominion states. It was not for complete independence. It demanded universal suffrage. It rejected separated communal elections.
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1928
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Irwin Offer: It proposed a vague offer of 'dominion status' for India in an unspecified future and a Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution after publication of the Simon Report.
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1929
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Lahore Session of Congress: The president was Jawahar Lal Nehru. It took the decision boycotting Round Table Conference. "Purna Swaraj" was adopted as the main aim of the Congress under the presidentship of J.L.Nehru. It launched a programme of civil disobedience. On Dec 31, 1929, Tricolor was hoisted at the Shore of Ravi.
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1930
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Civil Disobedience Movement started with the Dandi March on 12th March 1930 to break the salt law under the leadership of Gandhi. 26th January, 1930 - observed as "Independence day" all over the country.
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1930
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First Round Table Conference: It was the first ever conference arranged between British and Indians as equal. Congress boycotted it. However Motilal Nehru, Liberals and princes attended it.
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1931
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Second Round Table Conference: Gandhi attended only one round table conference and that is the second roundtable conference.
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1931
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Gandhi-Irwin pact: It offered that all political prisoners would be released except Bhagat singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev. Right to make salt was accepted. Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in the second session of Round Table Conference.
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1932
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Third Round Table Conference: Majority leaders of INC did not participate. The outcome of the conference was published on a "White paper" based on which the British government passed Government of India Act of 1935.
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1932
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Ramsay MacDonald proposed separate electorate for minority community including Dalits. The proposal was supported by B.R.Ambedkar but it was fully opposed by Gandhi.
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1932
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Poona Pact: Gandhi felt that separate electorate would disintegrate the society on caste lines and would lead to permanent division in the society. To avoid such a situation Gandhi went on for hunger strike for 21 days in Yerrawada central jail. The issue was finally resolved between B.R.Ambedkar and Gandhi by signing the historic Poona Pact. Gandhi devoted himself to the Harijan Cause, for which he started a newspaper called "Harijan".
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1935
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Government of India act 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy and the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937. Congress formed government in 6 out of 11 provinces.
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1942
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Cripps Missions: The British government wanted India to fully co-operate to it during World War-II and made few proposals to League and Congress and promised them of independence after the war. But the proposals were rejected by both the parties and hence the Cripps Mission was a failure.
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1942: Gandhi called for Quit India movement
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DO or DIE to fight the British. Communication and symbols of the state authority were attacked all over the country.
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1945
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Wavell Plan: which suggested that all portfolios except Defence would be held by the Indian members. The Plan also suggested the reconstitution of the Viceroy's Executive Council and the political parties have to nominate few candidates from their party out of whom the viceroy would select candidate of his choice for the Executive Council.
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1945
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Shimla Conference: To discuss these proposals and for a better future India, Wavell called all the political parties for their opinion to Shimla and this conference is popularly called as Shimla conference. Differences arose between Congress and League about the representation of Muslim community. The conference was a failure.
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1946
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Cabinet Mission: The mission consisted of Lord Pethick-Lawrence, the Secretary of State for India, Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade and A. V. Alexander, the First Lord of the Admiralty. The mission suggested that India should remain united and constitute itself as a loose federation with some autonomy for Muslim majority areas. Both Congress and League did not agree to specific details of the proposal.
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1946
|
Direct Action Day - Muslim League announced 16th august 1946 as Direct action day. On this day riots broke in Calcutta lasting for several days. By March 1947 violence spread to different parts of northern India.
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1947
|
Indian Independence Act 1947: It was the Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and it received the royal assent on 18 July 1947. According to this act the British India was to be divided into two states namely India and Pakistan.
|
On 15th August 1947
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India became independent.
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Tuesday, September 23, 2014
List of Jain Tirthankaras
Sr. No.
|
Tirthankar
|
Symbol
|
Place of Nirvan
|
1
|
Lord Rishabha
|
Bull
|
Ashtapad(Kailasha)
|
2
|
Ajitnath
|
Elephant
|
Samet Sikhar
|
3
|
Sambhavanath
|
Horse
|
Samet Sikhar
|
4
|
Abhinandannath
|
Monkey
|
Samet Sikhar
|
5
|
Sumatinath
|
Red Goose
|
Samet Sikhar
|
6
|
Padmaprabha
|
Lotus
|
Samet Sikhar
|
7
|
Suparshvanath
|
Swastika
|
Samet Sikhar
|
8
|
Chandraprabha
|
Moon
|
Samet Sikhar
|
9
|
Pushpadanta
|
Crocodile
|
Samet Sikhar
|
10
|
Sheetalnath
|
Kalpavriksha
|
Samet Sikhar
|
11
|
Shreyansanath
|
Rhinoceros
|
Samet Sikhar
|
12
|
Vasupujya
|
Female buffalo
|
Champapuri
|
13
|
Vimalnath
|
Pig
|
Samet Sikhar
|
14
|
Anantnath
|
Porcupine
|
Samet Sikhar
|
15
|
Dharmanath
|
Vajra
|
Samet Sikhar
|
16
|
Shantinath
|
Deer
|
Samet Sikhar
|
17
|
Kunthunath
|
Goat
|
Samet Sikhar
|
18
|
Aranath
|
Fish
|
Samet Sikhar
|
19
|
Mallinath
|
Kalasa
|
Samet Sikhar
|
20
|
Munisuvrata
|
Tortoise
|
Samet Sikhar
|
21
|
Nami Natha
|
Blue-Water Lily
|
Samet Sikhar
|
22
|
Neminatha
|
Conch
|
Mount Girnar
|
23
|
Parshva
|
Snake
|
Samet Sikhar
|
24
|
Mahavira
|
Lion
|
Pava Puri
|
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