Sunday, October 26, 2014

Factfile of Cyclones

The word cyclone has been derived from Greek word ‘cyclos’ which means ‘coiling of a snake’. The word cyclone was coined by Heary Piddington who worked as a Rapporteur in Kolkata during British rule. The terms “hurricane” and “typhoon” are region specific names for a strong “tropical cyclone”. Tropical cyclones are called “Hurricanes” over the Atlantic Ocean and “Typhoons” over the Pacific Ocean. 

A tropical cyclone is a rotational low pressure system in tropics when the central pressure falls by 5 to 6 hPa from the surrounding and maximum sustained wind speed reaches 34 knots (about 62 kmph). It is a vast violent whirl of 150 to 800 km, spiraling around a centre and progressing along the surface of the sea at a rate of 300 to 500 km a day.

Cyclone Prone Areas in IndiaGeneral EssaysIndia has a coastline of about 7,516 km of which 5,400 km is along the mainland. The entire coast is affected by cyclones with varying frequency and intensity. Although the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) generates only about 7% of the world's cyclones (5 to 6 Tropical Cyclones per year) their impact is comparatively high and devastating, especially when they strike the coasts bordering the North Bay of Bengal.

Thirteen coastal states and Union Territories (UTs) in the country are affected by tropical cyclones. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on the east coast and one state (Gujarat) on the west coast are more vulnerable to cyclone hazards.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the nodal government agency that provides weather services related to cyclones in India.

Classification of Cyclones in India: The criteria followed by Meteorological Department of India (IMD) to classify the low pressure systems in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea as adopted by World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) are as under: 
Type of Disturbances
Associated Wind Speed in the Circulation
Low pressure Area
Less than17 knots (<31 kmph)
Depression
17 to 27 knots (31 to 49 kmph)
Deep Depression
28 to 33 knots (50 to 61 kmph)
Cyclonic Storm
34 to 47 knots (62 to 88 kmph)
Severe Cyclonic Storm
48 to 63 knots (89 to 118 kmph)
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm
64 to 119 knots (119 to 221 kmph)
Super Cyclonic Storm
120 knots and above (222 kmph and above)


Recent Cyclones of Andhra Pradesh
Name of the CycloneYear of Occurrence
Hudhud12 October 2014
Lehar25 November 2013
Helen21 November 2013
NilamOctober 2012
LailaMay 2010
Khai-MukNovember 2008
YemyinJune 2007


The recent deadly cyclones that hit Indian coastCyclone Phailin (2013) – The Cyclone Phailin is a category 5 storm that struck the Odisha and Andhra coast on 11 October 2013 causing massive destruction in the region- affecting 12 million people. Phailin is a Thai word which means Sapphire. This cyclone prompted India's biggest evacuation in 23 years with more than 5,50,000 people being moved from the coastline in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh to safer shelters. Phailin brought very heavy rain of over 600 mm at many stations of Odisha. It also damaged crops worth Rs 2,400 crore and claimed over 40 lives. Loses due to Cyclone Phailin were estimated to be around rupees 420 crore.

Cyclone Nilam (2012) - Cyclonic Storm Nilam was the deadliest tropical cyclone to directly affect south India that made landfall near Mahabalipuram on October 31 as a strong cyclonic storm with peak winds of 85 kmph. Nilam caused economic losses of around Rs 100 crore because of torrential rain. 

Cyclone Thane (2011) - Thane was the strongest tropical cyclone of 2011 that became a very severe cyclonic storm on December 28, as it approached the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and made landfall at north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Puducherry on December 30. Thane left at least 46 people dead in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected areas. 

Cyclone Laila (2010) - Severe cyclonic storm Laila made a landfall in Andhra Pradesh on the 20 May 2010 and caused major flooding and damage along its path. Ongole in Andhra Pradesh recorded heavy rainfall of about 460 mm in just two days. Another town Addanki received the highest rainfall of 522 mm. The state government faced a loss of over Rs 500 crore due to Cyclone Laila.

Cyclone Jal (2010) - Cyclone Jal killed at least 54 people in India alone. About 300 thousand hectares of cropland was devastated by the cyclone. The remnants of Jal continued to move northwest, brought light to moderate spells of rain in India's warmest state of Rajasthan and also in Gujarat.

Cyclone Phyan (2009) - Cyclonic Storm Phyan developed as a tropical disturbance in the Arabian Sea to the southwest of Colombo in Sri Lanka on November 4, 2009 and made landfall in south India on November 7. Massive damage to property was reported in coastal districts of Maharashtra, such as Ratnagiri, Raigad, Sindhudurg, Thane and Palghar.

Cyclone Nisha (2008) - Over 180 people were killed in Tamil Nadu alone due to heavy rain and floods caused by the cyclone. Orathanadu, in Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu received over 990 mm of rain within 24 hours. The total amount of rainfall received from Nisha was about 1280 mm. The damage caused by the cyclone was estimated to be about 3789 crores.

The 30 Deadliest Tropical Cyclones in World History
Rank
Name / Areas of Largest Loss
Year
Ocean Area
Deaths
1.Great Bhola Cyclone, Bangladesh1970Bay of Bengal500,000
2.Hooghly River Cyclone, India and Bangladesh1737Bay of Bengal300,000
3.Haiphong Typhoon, Vietnam1881West Pacific300,000
3.Coringa, India1839Bay of Bengal300,000
5.Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh1584Bay of Bengal200,000
6.Great Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh1876Bay of Bengal200,000
7.Chittagong, Bangladesh1897Bay of Bengal175,000
8.Super Typhoon Nina, China1975West Pacific171,000
9.Cyclone 02B, Bangladesh1991Bay of Bengal140,000
9.Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar2008Bay of Bengal140,000
11.Great Bombay Cyclone, India1882Arabian Sea100,000
12.Hakata Bay Typhoon, Japan1281West Pacific65,000
13.Calcutta, India1864Bay of Bengal60,000
14.Swatlow, China1922West Pacific60,000
15.Barisal, Bangladesh1822Bay of Bengal50,000
15.Sunderbans coast, Bangladesh1699Bay of Bengal50,000
15.India1833Bay of Bengal50,000
15.India1854Bay of Bengal50,000
19.Bengal Cyclone, Calcutta, India1942Bay of Bengal40,000
19.Bangladesh1912Bay of Bengal40,000
19.Bangladesh1919Bay of Bengal40,000
22.Canton, China1862West Pacific37,000
23.Backerganj (Barisal), Bangladesh1767Bay of Bengal30,000
24.Barisal, Bangladesh1831Bay of Bengal22,000
25.Great Hurricane, Lesser Antilles Islands1780Atlantic22,000
26.Devi Taluk, SE India1977Bay of Bengal20,000
26.Great Coringa Cyclone, India1789Bay of Bengal20,000
28.Bangladesh1965 (11 May)Bay of Bengal19,279
29.Nagasaki Typhoon, Japan1828Western Pacific15,000
30.Bangladesh1965 (31 May)Bay of Bengal12,000

Largest in the World

Land Forms
Largest ContinentAsia
Largest LandmassThe Eurasian Landmass
Largest GorgeGrand Canyon, USA
Largest DeltaSundarbans in India and
Bangladesh
Largest Peninsula
Arabia
Largest IslandGreenland
Largest Country in AreaRussia
Largest ArchipelagoIndonesia
Largest DesertSahara, Africa
Largest ForestConiferous Forests of Northern
Russia
Largest Plateau
Pamir, Tibet
Largest Mountain RangeThe Himalaya
Largest Cold DesertGobi Desert, Mongolia
Largest Active VolcanoMauna Lao on Hawaii
Largest CaveMammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA
Water Systems
Largest OceanPacific
Largest SeaSouth China Sea
Largest RiverAmazon River
Largest River BasinAmazon River
Largest Salt Water LakeCaspian Sea
Largest Fresh Water LakeLake Superior in North America
Largest Artificial LakeLake Mead at Hoover Dam, USA
Largest BayHudson Bay, North Canada
Largest GulfGulf of Mexico
Largest Inland SeaMediterranean Sea
Largest CanalKeil Canal in Germany
Largest ReefGreat Barrier Reef, Australia
Largest StraitTartar Strait
Largest EstuaryThe Gulf of Ob, Russia
Man Made
Largest TempleAngkorwat, Cambodia
Largest AirportKing Khalid International Airport at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Largest ChurchSt. Peter's Basilica, Rome
Largest MosqueSha Faisal Mosque, Islamabad
Largest EmbassyRussian Embassy, Beijing
Largest War PlaneMirage, France
Largest PrisonKharkov Russia
Largest PalaceImperial Palace, Beijing
Largest HotelMGM Grand Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas, USA
Largest StadiumStrahove, Czech Republic
Largest LibraryUnited States Library of Congress
Largest MuseumAmerican Museum of Natural History, New York
Largest DamThree Gorges, China
Largest Country in PopulationChina
Largest WallThe Great Wall, China
Largest CemeteryLeningrad, Russia
Largest Railway StationGrand Central Terminal, New York
Largest University BuildingUniversity Of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Largest Open UniversityIndira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
Largest Steel PlantNippon Steel Plant, Japan
Largest StatueStatue of Liberty
Flora and Fauna
Largest AnimalBlue Whale
Largest Land AnimalThe African Bush Elephant
Largest ParkWood Buffalo National Park, Canada
Largest ZooKrugal National Park, South Africa
Largest River IslandMajuli, Assam
Largest WingspanAlbatross
Largest BirdOstrich
Others
Largest PlanetJupiter
Largest DemocracyIndia
Largest ElectorateIndia
Largest DiamondThe Cullinan
Largest ParliamentThe National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

Smallest, Highest, Longest, Deepest, Tallest in the World

Smallest In the World
Smallest ContinentAustralia
Smallest OceanArctic Ocean
Smallest CountryVatican
Smallest BirdHumming Bird
Smallest Flowering PlantWolffia
Smallest PlanetMercury
Smallest MuseumArizona, US
Smallest PCSpace Cube
Smallest ColonyGibraltar


Highest in the world:
Highest Mountain PeakMt. Everest
Highest LakeTiticaca, Bolivia
Highest PlateauTibet
Highest WaterfallAngel Falls, Venezuela
Highest AirportLhasa Airport, Tibet
Highest RailwayQinghai - Tibet
Highest Railway StationCondor Station, Bolivia
Highest Mountain PeakMt. Everest, Nepal
Highest ContinentAntarctica
Highest Active VolcanoGuayathiri, Chile
Highest BridgeMilau, France
Highest River BridgeRoyal Gorge, Colorado
Highest Capital CityLa Paz, Bolivia


Longest In the World:
Longest riverNile, Egypt
Longest Road
Longest Railway Platform
Pan American Highway
Kharagpur, West Bengal
Longest DamHirakud, Orissa
Longest Railway TunnelSeikan Rail Tunnel, Japan
Longest Railway LineTrans-Siberian Railway, Russia
Longest Ship CanalSuez Canal
Longest Road TunnelSt. Gothard Road Tunnel, Switzerland
Longest Fresh Water LakeLake Tanganyika
Longest WallGreat Wall of China
Longest AirportDallas, USA
Longest DayJune 21
Longest Swimming CanalEnglish Canal


Deepest in the World
Deepest OceanPacific Ocean
Deepest LakeLake Baikal, Siberia
Deepest Point in the OceanChallenger deep of Mariana Trench in Pacific Ocean
Deepest GorgeHell’s Canyon, USA


Tallest in the World
Tallest MinaretSultan Hassan Mosque, Egypt
Tallest FountainFountain Hills, Arizona
Tallest Free Standing StructureCN Tower,Toronto, Canada
Tallest Active GeyserSteam Boat Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA
Tallest BuildingBurj Khalifa in Dubai
Tallest TreeThe Redwood Tree
Tallest AnimalGiraffe
Tallest RoadKhardungla Pass, Leh Manali, India
Tallest BridgeRoyal Gorge Arkansas, America
Tallest StatueStatue of Motherland, USSR
Tallest Railway lineQuin - Hai – Tibet, China
Tallest Office BuildingPetronas Twin Tower, Kualalumpur, Malaysia


Others
Fastest Land AnimalCheetah
Oldest National FlagDenmark
Fastest BirdSwift
Shortest RiverRoe River in Montana
Lowest Point on EarthDead Sea
Most Densely Populated ProvinceMonacco
Least Populous CityVatican
The Oldest PlantRose
The Oldest Capital CityDamascus
Most Poisonous FishPuffer fish
Coldest PlaceVostok, Antarctica
Hottest PlanetVenus
Strongest Natural FibreSilk
Lowest TemperatureAbsolute Zero -273 °C
Widest BridgeSydney Harbour Bridge
Busiest AirportChicago O'Hare International Airport
Lowest MountainsBheinna Bhaile
Hottest RegionNorth-West Sahara, Azisia, Libya
Fastest PlanetMercury
Coldest PlanetNeptune
Widest WaterfallKhone Falls
Oldest ReligionHinduism
Slowest AnimalSnail
Heaviest RainfallMawsynram, India
Driest PlaceDeath Valley, California
Hottest PlaceAzizia, Libya
Shortest DayDecember 22

Indian Satellites and their Launch Vehicles

Space Science Mission
1.Mars Orbiter MissionLaunched on Nov 05, 2013 by PSLV - C25
Meteorological Satellite
1.INSAT-3DLaunched on Jul 26, 2013 by Ariane-5 VA-214
2.INSAT-3ALaunched on Apr 10, 2003 by Ariane5-V160
3.KALPANA-1Launched on Sep 12, 2002 by PSLV – C4
Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellite System
1.SARALLaunched on Feb 25, 2013 by PSLV-C20
2.RISAT-1Launched on Apr 26, 2012 by PSLV-C19
3.Megha-TropiquesLaunched on Oct 12, 2011 by PSLV-C18
4.RESOURCESAT-2Launched on Apr 20, 2011 by PSLV-C16
5.CARTOSAT-2BLaunched on July 12, 2010 by PSLV-C15
6.OCEANSAT-2Launched on Sept 23, 2009 by PSLV-C14
7.RISAT-2Launched on Apr 20, 2009 by PSLV-C12
8.CARTOSAT-2ALaunched on Apr 28, 2008 by PSLV-C9
9.CARTOSAT - 2Launched on Jan 10, 2007 by PSLV-C7
10.CARTOSAT-1Launched on May 05, 2005 by PSLV-C6
11.RESOURCESAT-1Launched on Oct 17, 2003 by PSLV-C5
Indian National Satellite (INSAT) System
1.GSAT-14Launched on Jan 05, 2014 by GSLV-D5
2.GSAT-7Launched on Aug 30, 2013 by Ariane-5 VA-215
3.GSAT-10Launched on Sep 29, 2012 by Ariane-5 VA-209
4.GSAT-12Launched on July 15, 2011 by by PSLV-C17
5.GSAT-8Launched on May 21, 2011 by Ariane-5 VA-202
6.INSAT-4CRLaunched on Sep 02, 2007 by GSLV-F04
7.INSAT-4BLaunched on Mar 12, 2007 by Ariane5
8.INSAT-4ALaunched on Dec 22, 2005 by ARIANE5-V169
9.INSAT-3ELaunched on Sep 28, 2003 by Ariane5-V162
10.INSAT-3ALaunched on Apr 10, 2003 by Ariane5-V160
11.KALPANA-1Launched on Sep 12, 2002 by PSLV – C4
12.INSAT-3CLaunched on Jan 24, 2002 by Ariane5-V147
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
1.IRNSS-1BLaunched on Apr 04, 2014 by PSLV - C22
2.IRNSS-1ALaunched on Jul 01, 2013 by PSLV - C22

Polity At A Glance

How many languages are recognized in India as statutory?22
What is the age in India to get the right to vote?18
The drafting of Indian constitution was completed in the year1949
Delinking of the state from religious matters is known asSecularism
The chairman of the constitution drafting committee wasDr. B.R. Ambedkar
What is the minimum age requirement for a person to be a candidate in Lok Sabha elections?25
The first general elections were held in India in1952
The writ that provides a remedy for illegal detention of a personHabeas Corpus
The Impeachment of the President of India can be initiated in The Parliamentary form of government was first evolved inBritain
The Indian Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on26 November, 1949
The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy is borrowed fromIreland
The members of Rajya Sabha are elected for a term ofSix years
The first state created on linguistic basis wasAndhra Pradesh
The highest law officer in the state isAdvocate General
The State Reorganisation Commission was appointed in 1953 under the chairmanship ofFazal Ali
India - China war occurred in1962
India's foreign policy isNon-Alignment
Who can levy the taxes on agricultural revenues?Central Government
If President and Vice President, both are unavailable, who would discharge the functions?Chief Justice of India
What can be the maximum number of members of the Lok Sabha ?552
What was the strength of Lok Sabha after India's first general elections?489
In India the Parliament is made up of1. Lok Sabha 2. Rajya Sabha 3. President
Who can choose President of India?1. Members of Lok Sabha 2. Members of Rajya Sabha 3. Members of Legislative Assemblies
The Vice President of India is elected by the Electoral College consisting of the members ofRajyasabha and Loksabha
How many members can be nominated in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha by the President of India?Rajya Sabha 12, Lok Sabha 2.
The jurisdiction covering the Andaman and Nicobar islands falls under the supervision ofA circuit bench of the Kolkata High Court at Port Blair
Jurisdiction of which among the following High Courts covers the Union Territory of Lakshadweep?Kerala High Court
The number of judges can be altered in the Supreme Court by theParliament
Who among the following can dismiss Governor of a state from his office?President
Which state is not a part of the Eastern Zonal Council?Assam
The current strength of judges in India's Supreme Court is30
What is the maximum (sanctioned) strength of Supreme Court including the Chief Justice of India?31
Which among the following is the middle unit of Three - Tier Panchayati Raj System?Panchayat Samiti
A National emergency on the grounds of security threat is proclaimed under which among the following articles?Article 352
Deputy Speaker and Speaker of the Lok Sabha may resign by giving in writing toEach other

Monday, October 13, 2014

Nobel Prizes 2014

2014 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences
CivilsThe 2014 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Jean Tirole "for his analysis of market power and regulation".
The economics prize – whose formal name is the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – was created in 1968, while the physics, chemistry, physiology, literature and peace prizes were first awarded in 1901.
Jean Tirole, born in August 9, 1953 at Troyes, France is a professor of economics. He works on industrial organization, game theory, banking and finance, and economics and psychology. After receiving his PhD from MIT in 1981, he worked as a researcher at l'Ecole nationale des ponts et chaussees until 1984. From 1984-1991 he worked as a Professor of Economics at MIT. He was president of the Econometric Society in 1998 and of the European Economic Association in 2001. Tirole was affiliated to Toulouse 1 Capitole University, Toulouse, France at the time of the award of Nobel Prize.

2014 Nobel Peace PrizeCivilsThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014 was awarded jointly to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzay "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".

Kailash Satyarthi
Born:
11 January 1954, Vidisha, India
Residence at the time of the award: India
Prize share: 1/2
Showing great personal courage, Kailash Satyarthi, maintaining Gandhi’s tradition, has headed various forms of protests and demonstrations, all peaceful, focusing on the grave exploitation of children for financial gain. He has also contributed to the development of important international conventions on children’s rights.
Malala YousafzayBorn:12 July 1997, Mingora, Pakistan
Residence at the time of the award: United Kingdom
Despite her youth, Malala Yousafzay has already fought for several years for the right of girls to education, and has shown by example that children and young people, too, can contribute to improving their own situations. This she has done under the most dangerous circumstances. Through her heroic struggle she has become a leading spokesperson for girls’ rights to education.

2014 Nobel Prize in LiteratureCivilsThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014 was awarded to Patrick Modiano "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation".

Patrick Modiano was born on July 30, 1945, in Boulogne-Billancourt, a suburb of Paris. Modiano made his debut as a writer with La place de l’etoile, a novel that attracted much attention. His works centre on topics such as memory, oblivion, identity and guilt.

“Modiano best known work is called Missing Person. It’s the story about a detective who has lost his memory and his final case is finding out who he really is; he is tracing his own steps through history to find out who he is.”
2014 Nobel Prize in ChemistryCivilsThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 was awarded jointly to Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy".

Eric Betzig, U.S. citizen born 1960 in Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ph.D. in 1988 from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA and Group Leader at Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.

Stefan W. Hell, German citizen born 1962 in Arad, Romania, Ph.D. in 1990 from the University of Heidelberg, Germany. Presently Director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, and Division head at the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.

William E. Moerner, U.S. citizen born 1953 in Pleasanton, CA, USA, Ph.D. in 1982 from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Professor of Applied Physics at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

2014 Nobel Prize in PhysicsCivilsThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 was awarded jointly to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources".

Isamu Akasaki, Japanese citizen, born 1929 in Chiran, Japan, Ph.D. in 1964 from Nagoya University, Japan. Professor at Meijo University, Nagoya, and Distinguished Professor at Nagoya University, Japan.

Hiroshi Amano, Japanese citizen, born 1960 in Hamamatsu, Japan. Ph.D. in 1989 from Nagoya University, Japan, currently Professor at Nagoya University, Japan.

Shuji Nakamura, American citizen, born 1954 in Ikata, Japan, Ph.D. in 1994 from University of Tokushima, Japan, currently Professor at University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineCivilsThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 was divided, one half awarded to John O'Keefe, the other half jointly to May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain".

John O’Keefe, holds both American and British citizenships, was born in 1939 in New York City, USA, doctoral degree in physiological psychology from McGill University, Canada in 1967, currently Director of the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre in Neural Circuits and Behaviour at University College London.

May-Britt Moser, Norwegian citizen, born in Fosnavag, Norway in 1963, Ph.D. in neurophysiology in 1995, currently Director of the Centre for Neural Computation in Trondheim.

Edvard I. Moser, Norwegian citizen, was born 1962 in Alesund, Ph.D. in neurophysiology from the University of Oslo in 1995, currently Director of the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience in Trondheim.

About the Nobel Prize:
On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace - the Nobel Prizes. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
At the Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies the Nobel Laureates receive three things: a Nobel Diploma, a Nobel Medal and a document confirming the Nobel Prize amount.
Between 1901 and 2013, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 561 times which include 45 times to women.

Nobel Laureates from India:
Ronald Ross, India, Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology 1902
Har Gobind Khorana, India, Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology 1968
Rudyard Kipling, British India (now India), Nobel Prize in Literature 1907
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, India, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, India, Nobel Prize in Physics 1930
Rabindranath Tagore, India, Nobel Prize in Literature 1913
Amartya Sen, India, Prize in Economic Sciences 1998
Kailash Satyarthi, Nobel Prize in Peace 2014

The Youngest Nobel Laureates Category wise
Category
Name
Year of Award
Age of Nobel Laureate
Physics
William Lawrence Bragg
1915
25
Chemistry
Frederic Joliot
1935
35
Physiology or Medicine
Frederick Banting
1923
32
Literature
Rudyard Kipling
1907
42
Peace
Malala Yousafzay
2014
17
Economic Sciences
Kenneth J. Arrow
1972
51