Question 1: The ideal of internationalism involves
1. Total abandonment of nationalism
2. Partial abandonment of nationalism
3. Adequate recognition of cultural distinctiveness of nations
4. Derecognition of cultural distinctiveness
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 2: Assertion (A) : Systems theory is criticized for its alleged ideological bias in favour of status quo. Reason (R) : Systems theory stresses upon notions of stability, equilibrium, steady state and pattern maintenance.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 3: Which one of the following statements is correct ?
1. The constitution clearly lays down what its basic structure is
2. The Supreme Court has elaborately defined the basic structure of the Constitution
3. The Law Commission of India with the help of Attorney General of India has defined the basic structure of the Constitution
4. Neither the Supreme Court nor the Parliament have defined the basic structure of the Constitution
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 4: The name of first woman judge of International Court of Justice is—
1. Rosalyn Higgins
2. Rosa E. Otunbayeva
3. Gestrud Mongella
4. Sadako Ogata
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 5: The theory of sovereignty is historically associated with the rise of
1. Feudalism
2. Absolute monarchy
3. Democracy
4. Decolonization
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 6: Which of the following is not part of EOP of USA?
1. Office of management and Budget
2. The white House office
3. Office of personnel management
4. National security council
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 7: Which one of the following scholars consider International law as true law ?
1. Grotius
2. Hobbes
3. Holland
4. Austin
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 8: The advocates of deliberative democracy emphasise
1. Parliamentary sovereignty
2. Judicial autonomy
3. Executive supremacy
4. Popular participation
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 9: On which day of the week is the general election traditionally held in Great Britian?
1. Monday
2. Wednesday
3. Thursday
4. Sunday
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 10: Who is US’s SECRETARY OF STATE appointed by Obama
1. Hillary Clinton
2. Robert Gates
3. Timothy Geithner
4. Janet Napolitano
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 11: Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched ?
1. Aristotle : State is a magnified individual
2. Hegel : State is a march of God on Earth
3. Marx : Modern state is an instrument of class exploitation
4. Gandhi : State represents violence in concentrated form
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 12: President Mahmoud Abbas of Palestine belongs to….
1. Fatah Party
2. Baath Party
3. Hamas
4. PKK
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 13: The thinker who based politics on Psychology, Physics and Geometry was
1. Thomas Hobbes
2. Montesquieu
3. Rousseau
4. Bentham
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 14: Who among the following, characterized bureaucracy as ration-legal authority ?
1. F.M. Marx
2. Vilfredo Pareto
3. Max Weber
4. Herbert A. Simon
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 15: ‘With the causes of exploitation of class by class removed, with the abolition of classes, the State will therefore, inevitably wither away. To which theory of the origin of State is the above statement applicable ?
1. Divine Right Theory
2. Social Contract Theory
3. Evolutionary Theory
4. Marxist Theory
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 16: Who among the following characterized bureaucracy as a rational-legal authority ?
1. F.M. Marx
2. Vilfredo Pareto
3. Max Weber
4. Herbert A. Simon
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 17: Marxian view treats international politics as an extension of class war in
1. Global perspective
2. National perspective
3. Societal perspective
4. None of the above
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 18: S. Finer has designated the interest groups as
1. Invisible governments
2. Unofficial government
3. Government within the government
4. Anonymous empire
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 19: The idea of the Union giving directions to the states was adopted by the makers of the Indian Constitution from
1. The Government of India Act, 1935
2. The US Constitution
3. The Soviet Constitution
4. The Australian Constitution
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 20: In December 2008, Time magazine named ——- as its Person of the Year
1. Barack Obama
2. McCain
3. Hillary Clinton
4. Joe Biden
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 21: Who was the President of Palestinian National Authority in March 2006?
1. Mahmoud Allawayi
2. Ahmed Rashid
3. Mahmoud Younis
4. Mahmoud Abbas
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 22: Consider the following statements: 1. Development of comparative approach of public administration was funded by the American Government. 2. One reason for funding the development of comparative approach of public administration was political interest to arrest communication. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 23: Which one of the following is NOT correct in respect of China ?
1. The Communist Party of China is organized on the basis of democratic centralism
2. The Chinese constitution provides for a uniform judicial system
3. Mao’s ideas of ‘New Democracy’ have been put into practice
4. The Chinese constitution provides for a bicameral legislature
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 24: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Characteristic Features) List-II (Political Ideology) A. Formation of the natural, harmonious, organic, communities for the free development of the individual and the abolition of the main source of coercion – State 1. Guild Socialism B. Formation of self-governing autonomous associations of people that will work on cooperative basis to establish partnership between groups and State 2. Democratic Socialism C. Combination of human fellowship, just social system, common ownership and mutual service 3. Syndicalism D. A system of revolutionary tactics using non-political methods to create an economic federation
1. A-4 B-1 C-2 D-3
2. A-2 B-1 C-4 D-3
3. A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
4. A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 25: The Unitary State is stronger than a Federal one because all powers of government are concentrated in the hands of one single set of authorities. Hence there is
1. Absence of conflict of authority and responsibility
2. Absence of simplification of governmental organization
3. Overlapping of jurisdiction
4. Duplication of functions
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 26: Which one of the following statements is NOT correct ?
1. Diplomacy is an instrument of foreign policy
2. Major international agreements are usually negotiated by foreign ministers
3. Diplomats do not play now as great a role in international negotiations as they once did
4. Diplomats now get greater latitude than they enjoyed in 19th Century
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 27: Bill Clinton was the —-President of the United States
1. 42nd
2. 41st
3. 43rd
4. 44th
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 28: Who among the following theorists advocated participatory democracy?
1. F.A. Hayek
2. C.B. Macpherson
3. Michael Oakeshot
4. Gaetano Mosca
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 29: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Development Approach) List-II (Features) A. Blue print approach 1. Utilization of capital resources over human resources B. Learning process approach 2. Cybernetic process with latitude for change according to needs C. Production centred approach 3. Planning in advance for development D. People centred approach 4. Individual as an actor who defines the goa
1. A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2
2. A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4
3. A-3 B-2 C-1 D-4
4. A-1 B-4 C-3 D-2
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 30: ‘Alternative vote and confidence’ is in vogue in one of the democratic political system. Identify the country
1. Switzerland
2. Austria
3. Germany
4. France
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 31: The Communist manifesto was first published in
1. Russian
2. French
3. German
4. English
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 32: Which one of the following is NOT an input function of political system?
1. Political Communication
2. Political Recruitment
3. Interest Articulation
4. Rule Adjudication
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 33: Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched ?
1. Sunderlal Bahuguna : Chipko Movement
2. Sardar Patel : Warli Struggle
3. Narayanaswamy Naidu : Tamiliga Vyvasaigal sangam
4. Ram Manohar Lohia : Kagodu Satyagraha
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 34: Obama was the junior United States Senator from ——in 2004
1. Illinois
2. Texas
3. California
4. Columbia
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 35: In which of the following federal systems decentralization is implemented under the ‘grass roots’ doctrine ?
1. Canada
2. Australia
3. India
4. U.S.A.
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 36: “Means are after all everything. As the means, so the end; there is no wall of separation between means and end.” The above statement is characteristic of
1. M.K. Gandhi
2. B.R. Ambedkar
3. Mao-Zedong
4. Karl Marx
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 37: Which Prime Minister wrote "The labour Governement: a personal record and the Governance of Britian"?
1. Hugh Gaitskall
2. Herald Wilson
3. Jo Grimond
4. None of these
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 38: The International Criminal Court is located at—
1. Geneva
2. Hague
3. London
4. Washington
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 39: Who among the following has described the world wide triumph of liberal democracy as the end of history ?
1. Samir Amin
2. David Held
3. Francis Fukuyama
4. Samuel P. Huntington
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 40: The practice adopted by the party in power to reward its members and supporters through government contracts and jobs is called.
1. Division of powers
2. Implied powers
3. Power politics
4. Spoils system
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 41: In which of the following countries, the judges of the federal constitutional courts are elected by the federal legislature ?
1. United States
2. Britain
3. Russia
4. Germany
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 42: Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is the
1. Prime minister of Iran
2. Defence Minister of Iran
3. Head of Iran’s Expediency council
4. Head of Irans Religious council
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 43: Identify the two among these who sought to define underdevelopment in terms of neocolonial dependency mode : 1. A.G. Frank 2. Celso Furtado 3. E.W. Weidner 4. Gunnar Myrdal Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
1. 1 and 2
2. 1 and 3
3. 2 and 3
4. 1 and 4
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 44: Which one of the following countries has a disciplined multi-party system ?
1. France during Vth Republic
2. India
3. Sri Lanka
4. Italy
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 45: Which one of the following is NOT a Peasant movement ?
1. Telangana Insurrection
2. Tebhaga Movement
3. Naxal Bari Movement
4. Chipko Movement
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 46: Obama was the — African-American Senator in U.S. history
1. fifth
2. 4th
3. 3rd
4. 6th
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 47: Consider the following statements : The major functions of political parties are 1. Rule making 2. Interest aggregation 3. Political socialization 4. Regulation of the behaviour of the people
1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 3 and 4
4. 1 and 4
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 48: In the U.S.A. the filibuster is a method used by
1. The Congress to pressurize the President
2. The President to prevent the introduction of a Bill in the Congress
3. Members of the Senate to obstruct the passage of a Bill
4. Judiciary to prevent Congress from passing Bill
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 49: The idea of ‘World Systems Theory’ signifying the arrival of international capitalist order was predicted in the 1970s. identify the scholar who advanced this idea
1. Samuel P. Huntington
2. Andre Gunder Frank
3. George Wallerstein
4. Cardoso
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 50: ‘Government of National Unity’ is a concept developed by which one of the following third world countries ?
1. Nigeria
2. Tanzania
3. Argentina
4. South Africa
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 51: The first Prime Minister of Bangladesh was
1. Gopalakrishnan
2. Mujibur Rehman
3. Billahdi Moni
4. Samuel Raj
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 52: “Everything for the state; nothing against the State, nothing outside the State” sums up the philosophy of
1. Marxism
2. Fascism
3. Fabian Socialism
4. Guild Socialism
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 53: Which Prime Minister lost a vote of no confidence in the house of Commons in 1979 in U.K.?
1. Herald Wilson
2. Ramsay McDonald
3. Edward Heeth
4. James Callaghan
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 54: Which one of the following is NOT feature of French Constitution of 1958 ?
1. Adoption of Declaration for Rights in 1789
2. Favouring strong Presidency
3. Limited powers of Parliament
4. Unicameral legislature
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 55: China has moved away from the policy of statism to market economy, which was propounded by one of the communist leaders of revolution who said “Market in China is like a bird in cage”. Identify the person
1. Chou En Lai
2. Lio Shao Chi
3. Deng Tsiao Ping
4. Chiang Kai Shek
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 56: Consider the following statements: 1.Kofi Annan – the UN Secretary General is from Nigeria. 2.Kofi Annan is the first UN Secretary General to be appointed from the ranks of the United Nations staff. 3.Kofi Annan was appointed for a second term to the office of the UN Secretary General. Which of the statements given above are correct?
1. 1 and 3, only
2. 2 and 3, only
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. 1 and 2, only
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 57: Assertion (A) : Decision making theory directs attention not to states as metaphysical abstractions, but instead seeks to highlight the behaviour of decision-makers. Reason (R) : Decision-making theory identifies a large number of relevant variables and suggests possible inter-relationships among them.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 58: Which one of the following is NOT correct about ‘Dyarchy’ introduced by the Government of India Act of 1919 ?
1. It was a system of dual governments at central and provincial levels
2. Provincial subjects were divided into reserved and transferred
3. Governor appointed ministers from the elected members of the legislative council
4. Governor had the power of overriding the majority decision
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 59: Which Constitution is called a ‘tailor-made’ Constitution ?
1. Constitution of Fourth Republic of France
2. Constitution of Fifth Republic of France
3. Constitution of United Germany
4. Constitution of U.S.A
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 60: Who among the following has described democracy as “that institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in which individuals acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive struggle for the People’s vote” ?
1. Robert Dahl
2. Peter Bachrach
3. C. Wright Mills
4. Joseph Schumpeter
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 61: The Poona Pact in 1932 upheld
1. Joint electorates
2. Separate electorates
3. Joint electorates with reserved seats for the scheduled castes
4. Joint electorates with reserved seats for caste Hindus
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 62: Non-security issues have taken priority over force, violence, and military might because of
1. Modernization of the world political and communication systems
2. Modernization of the world political and economic systems
3. Trans nationalization of the world economic and political systems
4. Decentralization of the world economic and political systems
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 63: Who among the following is an acclaimed analyst on political parties ?
1. Walter Lippman
2. Maurice Duverger
3. H.J. Laski
4. Jame Bryce
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 64: Which one does NOT contributes to the formation of International Government ?
1. Expansion of international trade
2. Establishment of international trade
3. Inter-state rivalry
4. Means of communication
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 65: Who was the prime minister when the John Profumo Christien Keeler scandal broke out in 1963?
1. Ramsay McDonald
2. Herald Wilson
3. Herald McMillan
4. William Hauge
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 66: National League for Democracy is
1. A ruling party of Indonesia
2. A opposition party of Myanmar
3. A ruling party of Bhuttan
4. An opposition party of Indonesia
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 67: Chelliah Committee is related to which of the following?
1. Banking reforms
2. Securities Scam
3. Taxation
4. Rajiv Gandhi’s murder
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 68: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Acts) List-II (Provisions) A. The Government of India Act, 1935 1. Transfer of power from the East India Company to the British crown B. The Government of India Act, 1909 2. Envisaged Dominion status to India C. The Government of India Act, 1919 3. Introduction of provincial autonomy D. The Government of India Act, 1858 4. Introduction of Dyarchy in provinces 5. Introduction of separate electorate for Muslims and others
1. A-1 B-4 C-2 D-3
2. A-3 B-5 C-4 D-1
3. A-1 B-5 C-4 D-3
4. A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 69: In 1990 which former Prime Minister travelled to Iraq to secure the release of British Hostages?
1. Edward Heeth
2. Margaret Thatcher
3. James Callaghan
4. Jo Grimond
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 70: The concept of sustainable development was popularized by Brundtland Report and Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development in
1. 1991
2. 1992
3. 1993
4. 1994
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 71: —- is appointed as USA’s TREASURY SECRETARY by Obama
1. Timothy Geithner
2. Janet Napolitano
3. Lawrence Summers
4. James Jones
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 72: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Author) List-II (Phrase) A. Hayes 1. “Of all the evils I hate, I think I hate nationalism most” B. Organsko 2. “AN organized self interest of the whole people” C. Rabindranath Tagore 3. “As a belief nationalism has been a curse and nothing but a curse” D. Victor Golancz 4. “To believe that nationalism will vanish because it is dangerous or the nations will wither away because there are other ways of organizing mankind is false”
1. A-1 B-2 C-4 D-3
2. A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1
3. A-1 B-4 C-2 D-3
4. A-3 B-2 C-4 D-1
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 73: Begum Khaleda Zia belongs to which of the following political parties?
1. Muslim League
2. Awami League
3. Jatiya Party
4. Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 74: Which of the following is not a principal organ of United Nations Organisation ?
1. Trusteeship Council
2. Economic and Social Council
3. International Court of Justice
4. Human Rights Commission
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 75: The relationship between the government and the President in France is a complex one due to
1. Direct election of the President
2. Centralization of powers
3. A mixed presidential parliamentary form government
4. Parliament’s reduced powers to control the government
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 76: Which one of the following can enforce the judgement of International Court of Justice ?
1. General Assembly on the recommendations of Security Council
2. Secretary General
3. Security Council on the request of International Court of Justice
4. None of the above
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 77: Who among the following were known as physiocrats at the time of the French Revolution?
1. The Clergy
2. Economists
3. The Nobility
4. Medical professionals
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 78: Which one of the following statements is NOT true with regard to Non-Government Organizations ? 1. They have come to play increasingly constructive role in the development process. 2. They have to redefine their role in accordance with the changing times. 3. The government has to change the bureaucratic attitude towards the Non-Government Organizations. 4. The government should affiliate Non-Government Organisations to its respective departments in order to have better control over their functioning. Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2
3. 1 and 3
4. 3 and 4
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 79: Who is selected as the national intelligence director in USA
1. Dennis Blair
2. Leon Panetta
3. Hillary Clinton
4. Michael McConnell
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 80: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Authors) List-II (Books) A. Simon de Beauvoir 1. The Second Sex B. Betty Friedan 2. Sexual Politics C. Kate Billet 3. Feminine Mystique D. Sheila Rowbothom 4. Woman’s consciousness Man’s World
1. A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1
2. A-1 B-4 C-3 D-2
3. A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1
4. A-1 B-3 C-4 D-2
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 81: Assertion (A) : A social movement is a participation form of collective behaviour in which the motivation act springs from the attitude of members and the challenges of the society. Reason (R) : Social Groups and movements of brace interest groups and political parties to achieve their goals.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 82: Consider the following features of the Civil Service in the USA: 1. Top posts are filled up by ‘insiders and outers’. 2. Recruitment takes place at various levels of hierarchy. 3. Partisan political activities are prohibited. 4. Rank classification system is not upheld. Which of these are correct?
1. 1,2 and 3
2. 2,3 and 4
3. 1,3 and 4
4. 1,2 and 4
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 83: —–will serve on Obama’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.
1. Michael McConnell
2. Dennis Blair
3. Leon Panetta
4. Steve Kappes
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 84: The National Parliamentary body of China is known as
1. State Council
2. National People’s Congress
3. People’s Assembly
4. Supreme Soviet
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 85: The author of the American Declaration of Independence was
1. George Washington
2. Jefferson
3. Lafayette
4. Thomas Paine
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 86: According to Keohane Nye, the internationalization of the world economy had led the major industrialized nations to a pattern of
1. Complex interdependence
2. Complex dependence
3. Dependence
4. Interdependence
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 87: Assertion (A) : Development administration signifies action-oriented and target-oriented programmes suitable for developing countries. Reason (R) : The success of rural development plans acts as a strong impetus for initiating other developmental plans.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 88: Gen. Bruno Cuche from France recently visited India. He is the counterpart of India’s….
1. Army chief Gen. Deepak Kapoor
2. Navy chief Admiral Arun Prakash
3. Chief of Air staff Air chief Marshal Fali Homi Major
4. Defence Minister A.K. Anthony
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 89: In which year did India become a party to the International Convention on Biological Diversity ?
1. 1992
2. 1993
3. 1994
4. 1995
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 90: Birsa Munda was associated with tribal struggle of
1. North East Region
2. Jharkhand
3. Nagar Division
4. Deccan
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 91: To which part of U.K. does the Plaid Cymrau party belong?
1. Northern Ireland
2. Scotland
3. Wales
4. London
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 92: Which one of the following is NOT the characteristic of ‘a six point syndrome’ of totalitarianism propounded by Friedrich and Braezinski ?
1. An official ideology
2. A system of terroristic policy
3. A monopoly of means of communication
4. A divine right to rule
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 93: Who succeeded Nigel Lawson as the chancellor of the Exchequer in 1989?
1. Tony Blair
2. William Hauge
3. John Major
4. Douglas Hurd
Correct Answer: 3.
Question 94: Which aspect of imperialism does the dependency theory emphasize ?
1. Economic
2. Political
3. Cultural
4. Strategic
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 95: Who is the Defense Secretary of USA
1. Robert Gates.
2. Dennis Blair
3. David Petraeus
4. Andrew D. Lipman
Correct Answer: 1.
Question 96: The constructive no-confidence vote in the Basic Law of Germany means that the Bundestag can overthrow a Chancellor
1. Only by a special majority vote
2. Only if it is first able to agree on a successor
3. Only with the consent of the President
4. Only with the consent of the Federal Constitutional Court
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 97: In which one of the following countries did women get the right to vote only in 1971 ?
1. Australia
2. New Zealand
3. Mexico
4. Switzerland
Correct Answer: 4.
Question 98: Who was the First Woman Prime Minister of any Country?
1. Smt Indira Gandhi
2. Smt Sirimao Bhandaru Naike
3. Smt Shahin
4. Smt Benjir Bhutto
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 99: Environment problems and issues received special attention of the Government of India from the
1. Third Five-Year Plan
2. Fourth Five-Year Plan
3. Sixth Five-Year Plan
4. Ninth Five-Year Plan
Correct Answer: 2.
Question 100: Under Article 243 D, which one of the following categories enjoys reservation for Panchayat membership in proportion to their population ?
1. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
2. Women
3. Backward Classes
4. Physically handicapped persons
Correct Answer: 1.
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